Satellite to satellite tracking error analysis studies and data processing

An error analysis was conducted to examine the effects of placing the target satellite in an orbit nearly coplanar with the relay satellite and of data span length on the accuracy with which the satellite states can be recovered. An analysis of error models using actual satellite to satellite tracking data spans is included. Results are tabulated

The microbiology of the Las Vegas Wash

The Las Vegas Wash, the only drainage channel for the Las Vegas hydrographic basin, drains to Lake Mead, the major source of drinking water for the Las Vegas valley. High levels of fecally-associated bacteria are observed in the Wash, particularly during the summer months; Several studies were undertaken to investigate the indicator organisms in the Las Vegas Wash. Attempts were made to determine the source(s) of fecal bacteria, with results pointing toward overall species being environmentally-associated as opposed to being a result of human contributions. Wash enterococci showed high resistance to low levels of vancomycin. Regrowth potential of Escherichia coli in Wash water generally demonstrated low growth. Coliform resuscitation from wastewater effluent was attempted from wastewater disinfected by chlorination, chloramination or UV. Data indicate statistically insignificant recovery from wastewater disinfected by chlorination or chloramination, but UV irradiation induced bacterial resuscitation in UV-disinfected wastewater effluent

A Theory of IP's Negative Space

Several recent case studies have explored industries in what Kal Raustiala and Christopher Sprigman have described as intellectual property's "negative space": areas in which creation and innovation thrive without significant protection from intellectual property law. These include such diverse industries as fashion, cuisine, magic tricks, stand-up comedy, typefaces, open source software, sports, wikis, academic science and even roller derby pseudonyms. Most scholarship in the area has focused on case studies of particular industries and social movements that occupy IP's negative space. This Article looks deeper into the nature of IP's negative space itself, seeking a unifying theory of what makes a type of work well suited to IP's negative space. The emerging theory sheds light onto what may make a lack of protection preferable to protection for certain types of works and gives us a new tool for optimizing intellectual property law to promote creation and innovation

The Adventure of the Shrinking Public Domain

Several scholars have explored the boundaries of intellectual property protection for literary characters. Using as a case study the history of intellectual property treatment of Arthur Conan Doyle\u27s fictional character Sherlock Holmes, this Article builds on that scholarship, with special attention to characters that appear in multiple works over time, and to the influences of formal and informal law on the entry of literary characters into the public domain. While copyright protects works of authorship only for a limited time, copyright holders have sought to slow the entry of characters into the public domain, relying on trademark law, risk aversion, uncertainty aversion, legal ambiguity, and other formal and informal mechanisms to control the use of such characters long after copyright protection has arguably expired. This raises questions regarding the true boundaries of the public domain and the effects of non-copyright influences in restricting cultural expression. This Article addresses these questions and suggests an examination and reinterpretation of current copyright and trademark doctrine to protect the public domain from formal and informal encroachment.

Social Justice and Copyright\u27s Excess

My life is real. So when I hear about an editor asking: What’s up with my output? I’m like: What’s up with you even commenting on my life? Niggas don’t know my life. That’s the bourgeoisie approach that I get offended by because this ain’t no bubble. This ain’t no vacuum we doing this music out of. That’s why people connect to the pain in it. Because it’s real. That’s the part they should respect. These radio hits, these charts, they don’t validate the truth and the message. That’s when I start to be like, “Okay, you ain’t got a record on radio. You ain’t put an album out officially, so you’re an underachiever.” That’s where I get offended because let’s restart this whole situation. The metrics and the gauge of success, and of impact on the culture. It don’t got shit to do with Billboard, it don’t got shit to do with SoundScan. It don’t got shit to do with any of these platforms that the business created. This shit is a culture. This shit is our life. You understand? So in between my projects does it take a year or two, or another artist that live a real life? Does it take them a year to put a project out? Because he wants to retain ownership. He wants to do what they refuse to let you do and that’s control his own destiny. He don’t wanna be exploited by the music industry that been traditionally exploitive to our cre- ators. Then he end up on lists like the Top 25 Underachievers. -Rapper Nipsey Hussle, October 201

Electrical Nanoprobing of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes using an Atomic Force Microscope

We use an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tip to locally probe the electronic properties of semiconducting carbon nanotube transistors. A gold-coated AFM tip serves as a voltage or current probe in three-probe measurement setup. Using the tip as a movable current probe, we investigate the scaling of the device properties with channel length. Using the tip as a voltage probe, we study the properties of the contacts. We find that Au makes an excellent contact in the p-region, with no Schottky barrier. In the n-region large contact resistances were found which dominate the transport properties.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure